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Editing: triggers.md
--- layout: default title: rpm.org - Trigger scriptlets --- # Trigger scriptlets Triggers provide a well-defined method for packages to interact with one another at package install and uninstall time. They are an extension of the normal installation scripts (i.e. %pre) which allows one package (the "source" of the trigger package [which I often think of as the "triggered package"]) to execute an action when the installation status of another package (the "target" of the trigger) changes. ## A Simple Example Say the package "mymailer" needs an /etc/mymailer/mailer symlink which points to the mail transport agent to use. If sendmail is installed, the link should point to /usr/bin/sendmail, but if vmail is installed, the link should instead point to /usr/bin/vmail. If both packages are present, we don't care where the link points (realistically, sendmail and vmail should conflict with one another), while if neither package is installed the link should not exist at all. This can be accomplished by mymailer providing trigger scripts which move the symlink when any of the following occurs: ``` 1) sendmail is installed 2) vmail is installed 3) sendmail is removed 4) vmail is removed ``` The first two of these scripts would look like this: ``` %triggerin -- sendmail ln -sf /usr/bin/sendmail /etc/mymailer/mailer %triggerin -- vmail ln -sf /usr/bin/vmail /etc/mymailer/mailer ``` These are two installation triggers, triggered by one of sendmail or vmail. They are run when: ``` 1) mymailer is already installed, and sendmail is installed or upgraded 2) mymailer is already installed, and vmail is installed or upgraded 3) sendmail is already installed, and mymailer is installed or upgraded 4) vmail is already installed, and mymailer is installed or upgraded ``` For the upgrading, the strategy is a little different. Rather then setting the link to point to the trigger, the link is set to point to the *other* mailer (if it exists), as follows: ``` %triggerun -- sendmail [ $2 = 0 ] || exit 0 if [ -f /usr/bin/vmail ]; then ln -sf /usr/bin/vmail /etc/mymailer/mailer else rm -f /etc/mymailer/mailer fi %triggerun -- vmail [ $2 = 0 ] || exit 0 if [ -f /usr/bin/sendmail ]; then ln -sf /usr/bin/sendmail /etc/mymailer/mailer else rm -f /etc/mymailer/mailer fi %postun [ $1 = 0 ] && rm -f /etc/mymailer/mailer ``` These trigger scripts get run when: ``` 1) sendmail is installed, and mymailer is removed 2) vmail is installed, and mymailer is removed 3) mymailer is installed, and sendmail gets removed 4) mymailer is installed, and vmail gets removed ``` The %postun insures that /etc/mymailer/mailer is removed when mymailer is removed (triggers get run at the same time as %preun scripts, so doing this in the %postun is safe). Note that the triggers are testing $2 to see if any action should occur. Recall that the $1 passed to regular scripts contains the number of instances of the package which will be installed when the operation has completed. $1 for triggers is exactly the same -- it is the number of instances of the source (or triggered) package which will remain when the trigger has completed. Similarly, $2 is the number of instances of the target package which will remain. In this case, if any of the targets will remain after the uninstall, the trigger doesn't do anything (as it's probably being triggered by an upgrade). ## Trigger Syntax Trigger specifications are of the form: ``` %trigger{un|in|postun} [[-n] <subpackage>] [-p <program>] -- <trigger> ``` The -n and -p arguments are the same as for %post scripts. The \<trigger\> portion is syntactically equivalent to a "Requires" specification (version numbers may be used). If multiple items are given (comma separated), the trigger is run when *any* of those conditions becomes true (the , can be read as "or"). For example: ``` %triggerin -n package -p /usr/bin/perl -- fileutils > 3.0, perl < 1.2 print "I'm in my trigger!\n"; ``` Will put a trigger in package 'package' which runs when the installation status of either fileutils > 3.0 or perl < 1.2 is changed. The script will be run through /usr/bin/perl rather than /bin/sh (which is the default). ## An Unusual Case There is one other type of trigger available -- %triggerpostun. These are triggers that are run after their target package has been removed; they will never be run when the package containing the trigger is removed. While this type of trigger is almost never useful, they allow a package to fix errors introduced by the %postun of another package (or by an earlier version of that package). ## Order of Script Execution For reference, here's the order in which scripts are executed on a single package upgrade: ``` all-%pretrans all-%preuntrans ... any-%triggerprein (%triggerprein from other packages set off by new install) new-%triggerprein new-%pre for new version of package being installed ... (all new files are installed) new-%post for new version of package being installed any-%triggerin (%triggerin from other packages set off by new install) new-%triggerin old-%triggerun any-%triggerun (%triggerun from other packages set off by old uninstall) old-%preun for old version of package being removed ... (all old files are removed) old-%postun for old version of package being removed old-%triggerpostun any-%triggerpostun (%triggerpostun from other packages set off by old un install) ... all-%posttrans all-%postuntrans ```
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