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Editing: _core.py
from __future__ import annotations from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator, Sequence from enum import Enum from typing import Any, Callable, ClassVar, Generic, Protocol, TypeVar from urllib.parse import unquote, urldefrag, urljoin from attrs import evolve, field from rpds import HashTrieMap, HashTrieSet, List from referencing import exceptions from referencing._attrs import frozen from referencing.typing import URI, Anchor as AnchorType, D, Mapping, Retrieve EMPTY_UNCRAWLED: HashTrieSet[URI] = HashTrieSet() EMPTY_PREVIOUS_RESOLVERS: List[URI] = List() class _Unset(Enum): """ What sillyness... """ SENTINEL = 1 _UNSET = _Unset.SENTINEL class _MaybeInSubresource(Protocol[D]): def __call__( self, segments: Sequence[int | str], resolver: Resolver[D], subresource: Resource[D], ) -> Resolver[D]: ... @frozen class Specification(Generic[D]): """ A specification which defines referencing behavior. The various methods of a `Specification` allow for varying referencing behavior across JSON Schema specification versions, etc. """ #: A short human-readable name for the specification, used for debugging. name: str #: Find the ID of a given document. id_of: Callable[[D], URI | None] #: Retrieve the subresources of the given document (without traversing into #: the subresources themselves). subresources_of: Callable[[D], Iterable[D]] #: While resolving a JSON pointer, conditionally enter a subresource #: (if e.g. we have just entered a keyword whose value is a subresource) maybe_in_subresource: _MaybeInSubresource[D] #: Retrieve the anchors contained in the given document. _anchors_in: Callable[ [Specification[D], D], Iterable[AnchorType[D]], ] = field(alias="anchors_in") #: An opaque specification where resources have no subresources #: nor internal identifiers. OPAQUE: ClassVar[Specification[Any]] def __repr__(self) -> str: return f"<Specification name={self.name!r}>" def anchors_in(self, contents: D): """ Retrieve the anchors contained in the given document. """ return self._anchors_in(self, contents) def create_resource(self, contents: D) -> Resource[D]: """ Create a resource which is interpreted using this specification. """ return Resource(contents=contents, specification=self) Specification.OPAQUE = Specification( name="opaque", id_of=lambda contents: None, subresources_of=lambda contents: [], anchors_in=lambda specification, contents: [], maybe_in_subresource=lambda segments, resolver, subresource: resolver, ) @frozen class Resource(Generic[D]): r""" A document (deserialized JSON) with a concrete interpretation under a spec. In other words, a Python object, along with an instance of `Specification` which describes how the document interacts with referencing -- both internally (how it refers to other `Resource`\ s) and externally (how it should be identified such that it is referenceable by other documents). """ contents: D _specification: Specification[D] = field(alias="specification") @classmethod def from_contents( cls, contents: D, default_specification: Specification[D] | _Unset = _UNSET, ) -> Resource[D]: """ Attempt to discern which specification applies to the given contents. Raises: `CannotDetermineSpecification` if the given contents don't have any discernible information which could be used to guess which specification they identify as """ specification = default_specification if isinstance(contents, Mapping): jsonschema_dialect_id = contents.get("$schema") # type: ignore[reportUnknownMemberType] if jsonschema_dialect_id is not None: from referencing.jsonschema import specification_with specification = specification_with( jsonschema_dialect_id, # type: ignore[reportUnknownArgumentType] default=default_specification, ) if specification is _UNSET: raise exceptions.CannotDetermineSpecification(contents) return cls(contents=contents, specification=specification) # type: ignore[reportUnknownArgumentType] @classmethod def opaque(cls, contents: D) -> Resource[D]: """ Create an opaque `Resource` -- i.e. one with opaque specification. See `Specification.OPAQUE` for details. """ return Specification.OPAQUE.create_resource(contents=contents) def id(self) -> URI | None: """ Retrieve this resource's (specification-specific) identifier. """ id = self._specification.id_of(self.contents) if id is None: return return id.rstrip("#") def subresources(self) -> Iterable[Resource[D]]: """ Retrieve this resource's subresources. """ return ( Resource.from_contents( each, default_specification=self._specification, ) for each in self._specification.subresources_of(self.contents) ) def anchors(self) -> Iterable[AnchorType[D]]: """ Retrieve this resource's (specification-specific) identifier. """ return self._specification.anchors_in(self.contents) def pointer(self, pointer: str, resolver: Resolver[D]) -> Resolved[D]: """ Resolve the given JSON pointer. Raises: `exceptions.PointerToNowhere` if the pointer points to a location not present in the document """ contents = self.contents segments: list[int | str] = [] for segment in unquote(pointer[1:]).split("/"): if isinstance(contents, Sequence): segment = int(segment) else: segment = segment.replace("~1", "/").replace("~0", "~") try: contents = contents[segment] # type: ignore[reportUnknownArgumentType] except LookupError: raise exceptions.PointerToNowhere(ref=pointer, resource=self) segments.append(segment) last = resolver resolver = self._specification.maybe_in_subresource( segments=segments, resolver=resolver, subresource=self._specification.create_resource(contents), ) if resolver is not last: segments = [] return Resolved(contents=contents, resolver=resolver) # type: ignore[reportUnknownArgumentType] def _fail_to_retrieve(uri: URI): raise exceptions.NoSuchResource(ref=uri) @frozen class Registry(Mapping[URI, Resource[D]]): r""" A registry of `Resource`\ s, each identified by their canonical URIs. Registries store a collection of in-memory resources, and optionally enable additional resources which may be stored elsewhere (e.g. in a database, a separate set of files, over the network, etc.). They also lazily walk their known resources, looking for subresources within them. In other words, subresources contained within any added resources will be retrievable via their own IDs (though this discovery of subresources will be delayed until necessary). Registries are immutable, and their methods return new instances of the registry with the additional resources added to them. The ``retrieve`` argument can be used to configure retrieval of resources dynamically, either over the network, from a database, or the like. Pass it a callable which will be called if any URI not present in the registry is accessed. It must either return a `Resource` or else raise a `NoSuchResource` exception indicating that the resource does not exist even according to the retrieval logic. """ _resources: HashTrieMap[URI, Resource[D]] = field( default=HashTrieMap(), converter=HashTrieMap.convert, # type: ignore[reportGeneralTypeIssues] alias="resources", ) _anchors: HashTrieMap[tuple[URI, str], AnchorType[D]] = HashTrieMap() _uncrawled: HashTrieSet[URI] = EMPTY_UNCRAWLED _retrieve: Retrieve[D] = field(default=_fail_to_retrieve, alias="retrieve") def __getitem__(self, uri: URI) -> Resource[D]: """ Return the (already crawled) `Resource` identified by the given URI. """ try: return self._resources[uri.rstrip("#")] except KeyError: raise exceptions.NoSuchResource(ref=uri) def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[URI]: """ Iterate over all crawled URIs in the registry. """ return iter(self._resources) def __len__(self) -> int: """ Count the total number of fully crawled resources in this registry. """ return len(self._resources) def __rmatmul__( self, new: Resource[D] | Iterable[Resource[D]], ) -> Registry[D]: """ Create a new registry with resource(s) added using their internal IDs. Resources must have a internal IDs (e.g. the :kw:`$id` keyword in modern JSON Schema versions), otherwise an error will be raised. Both a single resource as well as an iterable of resources works, i.e.: * ``resource @ registry`` or * ``[iterable, of, multiple, resources] @ registry`` which -- again, assuming the resources have internal IDs -- is equivalent to calling `Registry.with_resources` as such: .. code:: python registry.with_resources( (resource.id(), resource) for resource in new_resources ) Raises: `NoInternalID` if the resource(s) in fact do not have IDs """ if isinstance(new, Resource): new = (new,) resources = self._resources uncrawled = self._uncrawled for resource in new: id = resource.id() if id is None: raise exceptions.NoInternalID(resource=resource) uncrawled = uncrawled.insert(id) resources = resources.insert(id, resource) return evolve(self, resources=resources, uncrawled=uncrawled) def __repr__(self) -> str: size = len(self) pluralized = "resource" if size == 1 else "resources" if self._uncrawled: uncrawled = len(self._uncrawled) if uncrawled == size: summary = f"uncrawled {pluralized}" else: summary = f"{pluralized}, {uncrawled} uncrawled" else: summary = f"{pluralized}" return f"<Registry ({size} {summary})>" def get_or_retrieve(self, uri: URI) -> Retrieved[D, Resource[D]]: """ Get a resource from the registry, crawling or retrieving if necessary. May involve crawling to find the given URI if it is not already known, so the returned object is a `Retrieved` object which contains both the resource value as well as the registry which ultimately contained it. """ resource = self._resources.get(uri) if resource is not None: return Retrieved(registry=self, value=resource) registry = self.crawl() resource = registry._resources.get(uri) if resource is not None: return Retrieved(registry=registry, value=resource) try: resource = registry._retrieve(uri) except ( exceptions.CannotDetermineSpecification, exceptions.NoSuchResource, ): raise except Exception: raise exceptions.Unretrievable(ref=uri) else: registry = registry.with_resource(uri, resource) return Retrieved(registry=registry, value=resource) def remove(self, uri: URI): """ Return a registry with the resource identified by a given URI removed. """ if uri not in self._resources: raise exceptions.NoSuchResource(ref=uri) return evolve( self, resources=self._resources.remove(uri), uncrawled=self._uncrawled.discard(uri), anchors=HashTrieMap( (k, v) for k, v in self._anchors.items() if k[0] != uri ), ) def anchor(self, uri: URI, name: str): """ Retrieve a given anchor from a resource which must already be crawled. """ value = self._anchors.get((uri, name)) if value is not None: return Retrieved(value=value, registry=self) registry = self.crawl() value = registry._anchors.get((uri, name)) if value is not None: return Retrieved(value=value, registry=registry) resource = self[uri] canonical_uri = resource.id() if canonical_uri is not None: value = registry._anchors.get((canonical_uri, name)) if value is not None: return Retrieved(value=value, registry=registry) if "/" in name: raise exceptions.InvalidAnchor( ref=uri, resource=resource, anchor=name, ) raise exceptions.NoSuchAnchor(ref=uri, resource=resource, anchor=name) def contents(self, uri: URI) -> D: """ Retrieve the (already crawled) contents identified by the given URI. """ # Empty fragment URIs are equivalent to URIs without the fragment. # TODO: Is this true for non JSON Schema resources? Probably not. return self._resources[uri.rstrip("#")].contents def crawl(self) -> Registry[D]: """ Crawl all added resources, discovering subresources. """ resources = self._resources anchors = self._anchors uncrawled = [(uri, resources[uri]) for uri in self._uncrawled] while uncrawled: uri, resource = uncrawled.pop() id = resource.id() if id is not None: uri = urljoin(uri, id) resources = resources.insert(uri, resource) for each in resource.anchors(): anchors = anchors.insert((uri, each.name), each) uncrawled.extend((uri, each) for each in resource.subresources()) return evolve( self, resources=resources, anchors=anchors, uncrawled=EMPTY_UNCRAWLED, ) def with_resource(self, uri: URI, resource: Resource[D]): """ Add the given `Resource` to the registry, without crawling it. """ return self.with_resources([(uri, resource)]) def with_resources( self, pairs: Iterable[tuple[URI, Resource[D]]], ) -> Registry[D]: r""" Add the given `Resource`\ s to the registry, without crawling them. """ resources = self._resources uncrawled = self._uncrawled for uri, resource in pairs: # Empty fragment URIs are equivalent to URIs without the fragment. # TODO: Is this true for non JSON Schema resources? Probably not. uri = uri.rstrip("#") uncrawled = uncrawled.insert(uri) resources = resources.insert(uri, resource) return evolve(self, resources=resources, uncrawled=uncrawled) def with_contents( self, pairs: Iterable[tuple[URI, D]], **kwargs: Any, ) -> Registry[D]: r""" Add the given contents to the registry, autodetecting when necessary. """ return self.with_resources( (uri, Resource.from_contents(each, **kwargs)) for uri, each in pairs ) def combine(self, *registries: Registry[D]) -> Registry[D]: """ Combine together one or more other registries, producing a unified one. """ if registries == (self,): return self resources = self._resources anchors = self._anchors uncrawled = self._uncrawled retrieve = self._retrieve for registry in registries: resources = resources.update(registry._resources) # type: ignore[reportUnknownMemberType] anchors = anchors.update(registry._anchors) # type: ignore[reportUnknownMemberType] uncrawled = uncrawled.update(registry._uncrawled) if registry._retrieve is not _fail_to_retrieve: if registry._retrieve is not retrieve is not _fail_to_retrieve: raise ValueError( "Cannot combine registries with conflicting retrieval " "functions.", ) retrieve = registry._retrieve return evolve( self, anchors=anchors, resources=resources, uncrawled=uncrawled, retrieve=retrieve, ) def resolver(self, base_uri: URI = "") -> Resolver[D]: """ Return a `Resolver` which resolves references against this registry. """ return Resolver(base_uri=base_uri, registry=self) def resolver_with_root(self, resource: Resource[D]) -> Resolver[D]: """ Return a `Resolver` with a specific root resource. """ uri = resource.id() or "" return Resolver( base_uri=uri, registry=self.with_resource(uri, resource), ) #: An anchor or resource. AnchorOrResource = TypeVar("AnchorOrResource", AnchorType[Any], Resource[Any]) @frozen class Retrieved(Generic[D, AnchorOrResource]): """ A value retrieved from a `Registry`. """ value: AnchorOrResource registry: Registry[D] @frozen class Resolved(Generic[D]): """ A reference resolved to its contents by a `Resolver`. """ contents: D resolver: Resolver[D] @frozen class Resolver(Generic[D]): """ A reference resolver. Resolvers help resolve references (including relative ones) by pairing a fixed base URI with a `Registry`. This object, under normal circumstances, is expected to be used by *implementers of libraries* built on top of `referencing` (e.g. JSON Schema implementations or other libraries resolving JSON references), not directly by end-users populating registries or while writing schemas or other resources. References are resolved against the base URI, and the combined URI is then looked up within the registry. The process of resolving a reference may itself involve calculating a *new* base URI for future reference resolution (e.g. if an intermediate resource sets a new base URI), or may involve encountering additional subresources and adding them to a new registry. """ _base_uri: URI = field(alias="base_uri") _registry: Registry[D] = field(alias="registry") _previous: List[URI] = field(default=List(), repr=False, alias="previous") def lookup(self, ref: URI) -> Resolved[D]: """ Resolve the given reference to the resource it points to. Raises: `exceptions.Unresolvable` or a subclass thereof (see below) if the reference isn't resolvable `exceptions.NoSuchAnchor` if the reference is to a URI where a resource exists but contains a plain name fragment which does not exist within the resource `exceptions.PointerToNowhere` if the reference is to a URI where a resource exists but contains a JSON pointer to a location within the resource that does not exist """ if ref.startswith("#"): uri, fragment = self._base_uri, ref[1:] else: uri, fragment = urldefrag(urljoin(self._base_uri, ref)) try: retrieved = self._registry.get_or_retrieve(uri) except exceptions.NoSuchResource: raise exceptions.Unresolvable(ref=ref) from None except exceptions.Unretrievable: raise exceptions.Unresolvable(ref=ref) if fragment.startswith("/"): resolver = self._evolve(registry=retrieved.registry, base_uri=uri) return retrieved.value.pointer(pointer=fragment, resolver=resolver) if fragment: retrieved = retrieved.registry.anchor(uri, fragment) resolver = self._evolve(registry=retrieved.registry, base_uri=uri) return retrieved.value.resolve(resolver=resolver) resolver = self._evolve(registry=retrieved.registry, base_uri=uri) return Resolved(contents=retrieved.value.contents, resolver=resolver) def in_subresource(self, subresource: Resource[D]) -> Resolver[D]: """ Create a resolver for a subresource (which may have a new base URI). """ id = subresource.id() if id is None: return self return evolve(self, base_uri=urljoin(self._base_uri, id)) def dynamic_scope(self) -> Iterable[tuple[URI, Registry[D]]]: """ In specs with such a notion, return the URIs in the dynamic scope. """ for uri in self._previous: yield uri, self._registry def _evolve(self, base_uri: URI, **kwargs: Any): """ Evolve, appending to the dynamic scope. """ previous = self._previous if self._base_uri and (not previous or base_uri != self._base_uri): previous = previous.push_front(self._base_uri) return evolve(self, base_uri=base_uri, previous=previous, **kwargs) @frozen class Anchor(Generic[D]): """ A simple anchor in a `Resource`. """ name: str resource: Resource[D] def resolve(self, resolver: Resolver[D]): """ Return the resource for this anchor. """ return Resolved(contents=self.resource.contents, resolver=resolver)
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