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class="breadcrumb-item active">SELinux configuration</li> <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside"> <a href="https://github.com/nextcloud/documentation/edit/master/admin_manual/installation/selinux_configuration.rst" class="fa fa-github"> Edit on GitHub</a> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div role="main" class="document" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"> <div itemprop="articleBody"> <section id="selinux-configuration"> <span id="selinux-config-label"></span><h1>SELinux configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#selinux-configuration" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1> <p>When you have SELinux enabled on your Linux distribution, you may run into permissions problems after a new Nextcloud installation, and see <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">permission</span> <span class="pre">denied</span></code> errors in your Nextcloud logs.</p> <div class="admonition tip"> <p class="admonition-title">Tip</p> <p>Permission problems may be caused by SELinux <em>even if the denial is not indicated in the audit logs.</em> This is because SELinux does not log all system calls used for verifying access. See <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/7/html/selinux_users_and_administrators_guide/sect-security-enhanced_linux-troubleshooting-fixing_problems#sect-Security-Enhanced_Linux-Fixing_Problems-Possible_Causes_of_Silent_Denials">Possible Causes of Silent Denials</a> to solve.</p> </div> <p>The following settings should work for most SELinux systems that use the default distro profiles. Run these commands as root, and remember to adjust the filepaths in these examples for your installation:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">semanage</span> <span class="n">fcontext</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">t</span> <span class="n">httpd_sys_rw_content_t</span> <span class="s1">'/var/www/html/nextcloud/data(/.*)?'</span> <span class="n">semanage</span> <span class="n">fcontext</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">t</span> <span class="n">httpd_sys_rw_content_t</span> <span class="s1">'/var/www/html/nextcloud/config(/.*)?'</span> <span class="n">semanage</span> <span class="n">fcontext</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">t</span> <span class="n">httpd_sys_rw_content_t</span> <span class="s1">'/var/www/html/nextcloud/apps(/.*)?'</span> <span class="n">semanage</span> <span class="n">fcontext</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">t</span> <span class="n">httpd_sys_rw_content_t</span> <span class="s1">'/var/www/html/nextcloud/.htaccess'</span> <span class="n">semanage</span> <span class="n">fcontext</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">t</span> <span class="n">httpd_sys_rw_content_t</span> <span class="s1">'/var/www/html/nextcloud/.user.ini'</span> <span class="n">semanage</span> <span class="n">fcontext</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">t</span> <span class="n">httpd_sys_rw_content_t</span> <span class="s1">'/var/www/html/nextcloud/3rdparty/aws/aws-sdk-php/src/data/logs(/.*)?'</span> <span class="n">restorecon</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">Rv</span> <span class="s1">'/var/www/html/nextcloud/'</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>If you uninstall Nextcloud you need to remove the Nextcloud directory labels. To do this execute the following commands as root after uninstalling Nextcloud:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">semanage</span> <span class="n">fcontext</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">d</span> <span class="s1">'/var/www/html/nextcloud/data(/.*)?'</span> <span class="n">semanage</span> <span class="n">fcontext</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">d</span> <span class="s1">'/var/www/html/nextcloud/config(/.*)?'</span> <span class="n">semanage</span> <span class="n">fcontext</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">d</span> <span class="s1">'/var/www/html/nextcloud/apps(/.*)?'</span> <span class="n">semanage</span> <span class="n">fcontext</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">d</span> <span class="s1">'/var/www/html/nextcloud/.htaccess'</span> <span class="n">semanage</span> <span class="n">fcontext</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">d</span> <span class="s1">'/var/www/html/nextcloud/.user.ini'</span> <span class="n">semanage</span> <span class="n">fcontext</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">d</span> <span class="s1">'/var/www/html/nextcloud/3rdparty/aws/aws-sdk-php/src/data/logs(/.*)?'</span> <span class="n">restorecon</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">Rv</span> <span class="s1">'/var/www/html/nextcloud/'</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>If you have customized SELinux policies and these examples do not work, you must give the HTTP server write access to these directories:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">var</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">www</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">nextcloud</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">var</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">www</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">nextcloud</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">config</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">var</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">www</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">nextcloud</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">apps</span> </pre></div> </div> <section id="enable-updates-via-the-web-interface"> <h2>Enable updates via the web interface<a class="headerlink" href="#enable-updates-via-the-web-interface" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2> <p>To enable updates via the web interface, you may need this to enable writing to the directories:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">setsebool</span> <span class="n">httpd_unified</span> <span class="n">on</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>When the update is completed, disable write access:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">setsebool</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">P</span> <span class="n">httpd_unified</span> <span class="n">off</span> </pre></div> </div> </section> <section id="disallow-write-access-to-the-whole-web-directory"> <h2>Disallow write access to the whole web directory<a class="headerlink" href="#disallow-write-access-to-the-whole-web-directory" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2> <p>For security reasons it’s suggested to disable write access to all folders in /var/www/ (default):</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">setsebool</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">P</span> <span class="n">httpd_unified</span> <span class="n">off</span> </pre></div> </div> </section> <section id="allow-access-to-a-remote-database"> <h2>Allow access to a remote database<a class="headerlink" href="#allow-access-to-a-remote-database" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2> <p>An additional setting is needed if your installation is connecting to a remote database:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">setsebool</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">P</span> <span class="n">httpd_can_network_connect_db</span> <span class="n">on</span> </pre></div> </div> </section> <section id="allow-access-to-ldap-server"> <h2>Allow access to LDAP server<a class="headerlink" href="#allow-access-to-ldap-server" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2> <p>Use this setting to allow LDAP connections:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">setsebool</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">P</span> <span class="n">httpd_can_connect_ldap</span> <span class="n">on</span> </pre></div> </div> </section> <section id="allow-access-to-remote-network"> <h2>Allow access to remote network<a class="headerlink" href="#allow-access-to-remote-network" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2> <p>Nextcloud requires access to remote networks for functions such as Server-to-Server sharing, external storages or the app store. To allow this access use the following setting:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">setsebool</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">P</span> <span class="n">httpd_can_network_connect</span> <span class="n">on</span> </pre></div> </div> </section> <section id="allow-access-to-network-memcache"> <h2>Allow access to network memcache<a class="headerlink" href="#allow-access-to-network-memcache" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2> <p>This setting is not required if <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">httpd_can_network_connect</span></code> is already on:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">setsebool</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">P</span> <span class="n">httpd_can_network_memcache</span> <span class="n">on</span> </pre></div> </div> </section> <section id="allow-access-to-smtp-sendmail"> <h2>Allow access to SMTP/sendmail<a class="headerlink" href="#allow-access-to-smtp-sendmail" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2> <p>If you want to allow Nextcloud to send out e-mail notifications via sendmail you need to use the following setting:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">setsebool</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">P</span> <span class="n">httpd_can_sendmail</span> <span class="n">on</span> </pre></div> </div> </section> <section id="allow-access-to-cifs-smb"> <h2>Allow access to CIFS/SMB<a class="headerlink" href="#allow-access-to-cifs-smb" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2> <p>If you have placed your datadir on a CIFS/SMB share use the following setting:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">setsebool</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">P</span> <span class="n">httpd_use_cifs</span> <span class="n">on</span> </pre></div> </div> </section> <section id="allow-access-to-fusefs"> <h2>Allow access to FuseFS<a class="headerlink" href="#allow-access-to-fusefs" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2> <p>If your data folder resides on a Fuse Filesystem (e.g. EncFS etc), this setting is required as well:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">setsebool</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">P</span> <span class="n">httpd_use_fusefs</span> <span class="n">on</span> </pre></div> </div> </section> <section id="allow-access-to-gpg-for-rainloop"> <h2>Allow access to GPG for Rainloop<a class="headerlink" href="#allow-access-to-gpg-for-rainloop" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2> <p>If you use a the rainloop webmail client app which supports GPG/PGP, you might need this:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">setsebool</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">P</span> <span class="n">httpd_use_gpg</span> <span class="n">on</span> </pre></div> </div> </section> <section id="troubleshooting"> <h2>Troubleshooting<a class="headerlink" href="#troubleshooting" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2> <p>For general Troubleshooting of SELinux and its profiles try to install the package <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setroubleshoot</span></code> and run:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sealert</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">var</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">log</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">audit</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">audit</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">log</span> <span class="o">></span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">to</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">mylogfile</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">txt</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>to get a report which helps you configuring your SELinux profiles.</p> <p>Another tool for troubleshooting is to enable a single ruleset for your Nextcloud directory:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">semanage</span> <span class="n">fcontext</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">t</span> <span class="n">httpd_sys_rw_content_t</span> <span class="s1">'/var/www/html/nextcloud(/.*)?'</span> <span class="n">restorecon</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">RF</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">var</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">www</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">nextcloud</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>It is much stronger security to have a more fine-grained ruleset as in the examples at the beginning, so use this only for testing and troubleshooting. It has a similar effect to disabling SELinux, so don’t use it on production systems.</p> </section> </section> </div> </div> <footer><div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="Footer"> <a href="command_line_installation.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-left" title="Installing from command line" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left" aria-hidden="true"></span> Previous</a> <a href="nginx.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="NGINX configuration" accesskey="n" rel="next">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> </div> <hr/> <div role="contentinfo"> <p>© Copyright 2016-2026 Nextcloud GmbH and Nextcloud contributors.</p> </div> </footer> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="rst-versions" data-toggle="rst-versions" role="note" aria-label="versions"> <span class="rst-current-version" data-toggle="rst-current-version"> ☁️ latest <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span> </span> <div class="rst-other-versions"> <dl> <dt>☁️ Versions</dt> <dd style="width: 32%"> <a href="https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/latest/admin_manual" style="color: var(--dark-link-color);" > latest </a> </dd> <dd style="width: 32%"> <a href="https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/stable/admin_manual" > stable </a> </dd> <dd style="width: 32%"> <a href="https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/32/admin_manual" > 32 </a> </dd> <dd style="width: 32%"> <a href="https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/31/admin_manual" > 31 </a> </dd> </dl> </div> </div> <script> jQuery(function () { SphinxRtdTheme.Navigation.enable(true); }); </script> </body> </html>
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