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  <section id="preparing-php">
<h1>Preparing PHP<a class="headerlink" href="#preparing-php" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
<p>Before installing Nextcloud Server, ensure your PHP environment is properly configured. This includes installing
the correct PHP version, enabling required PHP modules, and adjusting important <cite>php.ini</cite> settings. This guide
explains which PHP modules are necessary, which are recommended for optimal performance and compatibility, and
how to configure your PHP environment for both web server and command-line usage.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>You can safely ignore this chapter if you plan to use a turnkey Nextcloud Server installation method (such as
AIO, Snap, NCP, or Community Docker). Those installation methods provide PHP environments that are already
pre-configured for use with Nextcloud Server. For guidance regarding customizing PHP in those environments,
refer to the documentation provided specifically for or by those install methods.</p>
</div>
<nav class="contents local" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#php-installation" id="id1">PHP Installation</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#required-php-modules" id="id2">Required PHP Modules</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#required-php-database-connectors" id="id3">Required PHP Database Connectors</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#recommended-general-php-modules" id="id4">Recommended General PHP Modules</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#recommended-php-caching-modules" id="id5">Recommended PHP Caching Modules</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#recommended-php-cli-modules" id="id6">Recommended PHP CLI Modules</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#php-modules-for-media-management" id="id7">PHP Modules for Media Management</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#php-modules-for-specific-applications" id="id8">PHP Modules for Specific Applications</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#php-ini-settings" id="id9">PHP <cite>ini</cite> Settings</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#notes-on-php-ini-configuration" id="id10">Notes on PHP <cite>ini</cite> Configuration</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#php-module-quick-reference-table" id="id11">PHP Module Quick Reference Table</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#further-resources" id="id12">Further Resources</a></p></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<section id="php-installation">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1" role="doc-backlink">PHP Installation</a><a class="headerlink" href="#php-installation" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Refer to your OS distribution’s documentation for instructions for establishing a base PHP installation. It may
be possible to choose among several versions of PHP. Refer to <a class="reference internal" href="system_requirements.html"><span class="doc">System requirements</span></a> to see which versions
of PHP are supported by this release of Nextcloud Server. After completing a base PHP installation,
follow the below guidance to configure your new PHP installation for your new Nextcloud Server deployment.</p>
</section>
<section id="required-php-modules">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2" role="doc-backlink">Required PHP Modules</a><a class="headerlink" href="#required-php-modules" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>The following PHP modules <strong>must</strong> be installed and enabled for Nextcloud Server to function:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><cite>ctype</cite> (included with PHP)</p></li>
<li><p><cite>curl</cite></p></li>
<li><p><cite>DOM</cite></p></li>
<li><p><cite>fileinfo</cite> (included with PHP)</p></li>
<li><p><cite>filter</cite> (only on Mageia and FreeBSD)</p></li>
<li><p><cite>GD</cite></p></li>
<li><p><cite>xml</cite> (provides SimpleXML, XMLReader and XMLWriter; requires Linux package <cite>libxml2</cite> version &gt;= 2.7.0)</p></li>
<li><p><cite>mbstring</cite></p></li>
<li><p><cite>OpenSSL</cite> (included with PHP)</p></li>
<li><p><cite>posix</cite></p></li>
<li><p><cite>session</cite> (included with PHP)</p></li>
<li><p><cite>zip</cite></p></li>
<li><p><cite>zlib</cite></p></li>
</ul>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>The PHP “xml” extension is commonly packaged as <cite>php-xml</cite> or shown as <cite>libxml</cite> by OS package managers. This
extension provides the underlying libxml2 bindings and exposes SimpleXML, XMLReader and XMLWriter. Ensure the
corresponding <cite>php-xml</cite> (or distribution-specific) package is installed so that SimpleXML, XMLReader and XMLWriter
are available to PHP.</p>
</div>
<p>The <cite>ctype</cite>, <cite>fileinfo</cite>, and <cite>OpenSSL</cite> modules are generally included and enabled in PHP by default. Often
some of the other required modules are automatically installed by OS distribution package managers.</p>
<p><strong>How to check if a module is enabled:</strong></p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Run <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">php</span> <span class="pre">-m</span> <span class="pre">|</span> <span class="pre">grep</span> <span class="pre">-i</span> <span class="pre">&lt;module_name&gt;</span></code>. If you see output, the module is active.</p></li>
</ul>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>The <cite>filter</cite> module is required only on Mageia and FreeBSD.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="required-php-database-connectors">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3" role="doc-backlink">Required PHP Database Connectors</a><a class="headerlink" href="#required-php-database-connectors" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Install the PHP connector module for the database you plan to use (choose one):</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><cite>pdo_sqlite</cite> (&gt;= 3, usually not recommended for performance reasons)</p></li>
<li><p><cite>pdo_mysql</cite> (MySQL/MariaDB)</p></li>
<li><p><cite>pdo_pgsql</cite> (PostgreSQL)</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="recommended-general-php-modules">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4" role="doc-backlink">Recommended General PHP Modules</a><a class="headerlink" href="#recommended-general-php-modules" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>These modules are not required, but are highly recommended to improve functionality or security:</p>
<ul>
<li><p><cite>intl</cite>: Fixes sorting of non-ASCII characters and improves language translation performance.</p></li>
<li><p><cite>sodium</cite>: Provides Argon2 password hashing (needed if using PHP &lt; 8.4 and PHP was built without <cite>libargon2</cite>).</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>bcrypt will be used if Argon2 is unavailable, but if passwords were previously hashed with Argon2
(such as when migrating an existing Nextcloud Server installation to a new server environment) and this
module is missing, accounts will not be able to log-in).</p>
</div></blockquote>
</li>
<li><p><cite>sysvsem</cite>: Enables System V semaphores used by Nextcloud to coordinate preview generation across PHP processes. Recommended; if missing, previews still work but may be less reliable under heavy load.</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="recommended-php-caching-modules">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5" role="doc-backlink">Recommended PHP Caching Modules</a><a class="headerlink" href="#recommended-php-caching-modules" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Memory caching is not required so these modules are not required, but are highly recommended for optimal
performance and reliability. Choose and install your preferred combination of memory caching modules:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><cite>APCu</cite> (&gt;= 4.0.6)</p></li>
<li><p><cite>redis</cite> / <cite>phpredis</cite> (&gt;= 2.2.6, required for Transactional File Locking)</p></li>
<li><p><cite>memcached</cite> (an older alternative to <cite>redis</cite> that is not recommended for new installations)</p></li>
</ul>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>Memory caching is highly recommended for optimal performance. In most cases, a combination of <cite>APCu</cite> and
<cite>redis</cite> are the best choice for new installations.</p>
</div>
<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="../configuration_server/caching_configuration.html"><span class="doc">Memory caching</span></a> for configuration details.</p>
</section>
<section id="recommended-php-cli-modules">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6" role="doc-backlink">Recommended PHP CLI Modules</a><a class="headerlink" href="#recommended-php-cli-modules" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p><strong>For command-line processing</strong> (optional):</p>
<ul>
<li><p><cite>pcntl</cite>: Allows command interruption (e.g., via <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ctrl-c</span></code>).</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>Ensure <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pcntl_signal</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pcntl_signal_dispatch</span></code> are <em>not</em> disabled in your <cite>php.ini</cite> by the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">disable_functions</span></code> option.</p>
</div></blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>For command-line updater</strong> (optional):</p>
<ul>
<li><p><cite>phar</cite>: Required to run the updater with:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sudo</span> <span class="pre">-E</span> <span class="pre">-u</span> <span class="pre">www-data</span> <span class="pre">php</span> <span class="pre">/var/www/nextcloud/updater/updater.phar</span></code></p>
</div></blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="php-modules-for-media-management">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id7" role="doc-backlink">PHP Modules for Media Management</a><a class="headerlink" href="#php-modules-for-media-management" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p><strong>Image meta data and orientation</strong> (optional):</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><cite>exif</cite>: Image meta data loading and rotation</p></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Preview Generation</strong> (optional):</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><cite>imagick</cite> (for image previews)</p></li>
<li><p><cite>avconv</cite> or <cite>ffmpeg</cite> (for video previews)</p></li>
<li><p>OpenOffice or LibreOffice (for document previews)</p></li>
</ul>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>If previewing PDF files fails with a “not authorized” error, you may need to adjust the <cite>imagick</cite> policy file. See <a class="reference external" href="https://cromwell-intl.com/open-source/pdf-not-authorized.html">https://cromwell-intl.com/open-source/pdf-not-authorized.html</a></p>
</div>
<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="../configuration_files/previews_configuration.html"><span class="doc">Previews configuration</span></a> for additional preview generation context.</p>
</section>
<section id="php-modules-for-specific-applications">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id8" role="doc-backlink">PHP Modules for Specific Applications</a><a class="headerlink" href="#php-modules-for-specific-applications" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Some optional Nextcloud apps/functionality require additional modules. Install as needed:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><cite>ldap</cite>: LDAP integration</p></li>
<li><p><cite>smbclient</cite>: SMB/CIFS integration (see <a class="reference internal" href="../configuration_files/external_storage/smb.html"><span class="doc">SMB/CIFS</span></a>)</p></li>
<li><p><cite>ftp</cite>: FTP storage or external user authentication</p></li>
<li><p><cite>imap</cite>: External user authentication</p></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Recommended/Optional:</strong></p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><cite>gmp</cite>: SFTP storage</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="php-ini-settings">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id9" role="doc-backlink">PHP <cite>ini</cite> Settings</a><a class="headerlink" href="#php-ini-settings" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Adjust the following settings in your <cite>php.ini</cite> as needed for Nextcloud:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">disable_functions</span></code>: Avoid disabling functions unless necessary.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">max_execution_time</span></code>: See <a class="reference internal" href="../configuration_files/big_file_upload_configuration.html"><span class="doc">Uploading big files &gt; 512MB</span></a></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">memory_limit</span></code>: Should be at least 512MB. See also <a class="reference internal" href="../configuration_files/big_file_upload_configuration.html"><span class="doc">Uploading big files &gt; 512MB</span></a></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">opcache.enable</span></code> and related settings: See <a class="reference internal" href="../configuration_server/caching_configuration.html"><span class="doc">Memory caching</span></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="server_tuning.html"><span class="doc">Server tuning</span></a></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open_basedir</span></code>: See <a class="reference internal" href="harden_server.html"><span class="doc">Hardening and security guidance</span></a></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">upload_tmp_dir</span></code>: See <a class="reference internal" href="../configuration_files/big_file_upload_configuration.html"><span class="doc">Uploading big files &gt; 512MB</span></a></p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="notes-on-php-ini-configuration">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id10" role="doc-backlink">Notes on PHP <cite>ini</cite> Configuration</a><a class="headerlink" href="#notes-on-php-ini-configuration" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<ul>
<li><p><strong>Multiple php.ini files:</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<div><ul>
<li><p>You may need to configure settings in more than one <cite>php.ini</cite> file (e.g., for web server and CLI).</p>
<blockquote>
<div><ul class="simple">
<li><dl class="simple">
<dt>Web server:</dt><dd><p><cite>/etc/php/&lt;version&gt;/apache2/php.ini</cite> or <cite>/etc/php/&lt;version&gt;/fpm/php.ini</cite></p>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
<li><dl class="simple">
<dt>CLI (used by Nextcloud CRON jobs):</dt><dd><p><cite>/etc/php/&lt;version&gt;/cli/php.ini</cite></p>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
</div></blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</div></blockquote>
</li>
<li><p><strong>Find which php.ini is active for each SAPI:</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<div><ul class="simple">
<li><p>Use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">php</span> <span class="pre">--ini</span></code> for CLI, or check <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">phpinfo()</span></code> in a web page.</p></li>
</ul>
</div></blockquote>
</li>
<li><p><strong>Search for a parameter:</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<div><ul class="simple">
<li><p>Run <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">grep</span> <span class="pre">-r</span> <span class="pre">&lt;parameter_name&gt;</span> <span class="pre">/etc/php</span></code> (e.g., <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">grep</span> <span class="pre">-r</span> <span class="pre">date.timezone</span> <span class="pre">/etc/php</span></code>)</p></li>
</ul>
</div></blockquote>
</li>
<li><p><strong>Replace `&lt;version&gt;` with your actual PHP version (e.g., 8.1, 8.2, etc.).</strong></p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="php-module-quick-reference-table">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id11" role="doc-backlink">PHP Module Quick Reference Table</a><a class="headerlink" href="#php-module-quick-reference-table" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<table class="docutils align-default">
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Module</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Required</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Recommended</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>For Specific App</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Description</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>ctype</p></td>
<td><p>✓</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>Core functionality</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>curl</p></td>
<td><p>✓</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>HTTP requests</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>DOM</p></td>
<td><p>✓</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>Document Object Model (XML/HTML handling)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>fileinfo</p></td>
<td><p>✓</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>File type detection</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>filter*</p></td>
<td><p>✓*</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>Data filtering and validation (Mageia/FreeBSD)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>GD</p></td>
<td><p>✓</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>Image processing</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>xml</p></td>
<td><p>✓</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>XML parsing (libxml2 &gt;= 2.7.0) — provides the
php ‘xml’ extension which exposes SimpleXML,
XMLReader and XMLWriter</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>mbstring</p></td>
<td><p>✓</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>Multibyte character handling</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>OpenSSL</p></td>
<td><p>✓</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>Secure communications</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>posix</p></td>
<td><p>✓</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>POSIX functions</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>session</p></td>
<td><p>✓</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>Session support</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>zip</p></td>
<td><p>✓</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>Zip file handling</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>zlib</p></td>
<td><p>✓</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>Compression and decompression</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>intl</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>✓</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>Improves translations and sorting</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>sodium</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>✓</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>Argon2 password hashing</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>sysvsem</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>✓</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>System V semaphore support used to coordinate
preview generation across PHP processes.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>ldap</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>✓</p></td>
<td><p>LDAP integration</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>smbclient</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>✓</p></td>
<td><p>SMB/CIFS integration</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>ftp</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>✓</p></td>
<td><p>FTP storage/authentication</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>imap</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>✓</p></td>
<td><p>External user authentication</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>gmp</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>✓ (optional)</p></td>
<td><p>SFTP storage</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>exif</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>✓ (optional)</p></td>
<td><p>Image rotation in Pictures app</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>apcu</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>✓</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>Performance caching</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>memcached</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>✓</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>Performance caching</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>redis</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>✓</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>Transactional File Locking</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>imagick</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>✓ (optional)</p></td>
<td><p>Image previews</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>avconv/ffmpeg</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>✓ (optional)</p></td>
<td><p>Video previews</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Open/LibreOffice</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>✓ (optional)</p></td>
<td><p>Document previews</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>pcntl</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>✓ (optional)</p></td>
<td><p>Command interruption in CLI</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>phar</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>✓ (optional)</p></td>
<td><p>Needed for command-line updater</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>*The filter module is required only on Mageia and FreeBSD.</p>
</section>
<section id="further-resources">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id12" role="doc-backlink">Further Resources</a><a class="headerlink" href="#further-resources" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>For more details on each module, consult the
<a class="reference external" href="https://php.net/manual/en/extensions.php">official PHP documentation</a>.</p></li>
<li><p>Refer to your OS distribution’s documentation for the specifics of installing PHP modules in your environment.</p></li>
<li><p>The words <em>extension</em> and <em>module</em> are interchangeable within PHP. We use the word <em>modules</em> in our documentation.</p></li>
<li><p>Always restart your web server and PHP-FPM after making changes to an <cite>php.ini</cite> file or installed modules.</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>

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