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<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Email</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#mail-providers">Mail Providers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#configuring-an-smtp-server">Configuring an SMTP server</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#using-email-templates">Using email templates</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="#modifying-the-look-of-emails-beyond-the-theming-app-capabilities">Modifying the look of emails beyond the theming app capabilities</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#setting-mail-server-parameters-in-config-php">Setting mail server parameters in config.php</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="#smtp">SMTP</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="#sendmail">Sendmail</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="#qmail">qmail</a></li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="#how-can-i-find-out-if-an-smtp-server-is-reachable">How can I find out if an SMTP server is reachable?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="#how-can-i-find-out-if-the-smtp-server-is-listening-on-a-specific-tcp-port">How can I find out if the SMTP server is listening on a specific TCP port?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="#how-can-i-determine-if-the-smtp-server-supports-the-smtps-protocol">How can I determine if the SMTP server supports the SMTPS protocol?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="#how-can-i-determine-what-authorization-and-encryption-protocols-the-mail-server-supports">How can I determine what authorization and encryption protocols the mail server supports?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="#how-can-i-send-mail-using-self-signed-certificates-or-use-starttls-with-self-signed-certificates">How can I send mail using self-signed certificates or use STARTTLS with self signed certificates?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="#all-emails-keep-getting-rejected-even-though-only-one-email-address-is-invalid">All emails keep getting rejected even though only one email address is invalid.</a></li>
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  <section id="email">
<span id="email-config"></span><h1>Email<a class="headerlink" href="#email" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
<p>Nextcloud is capable of sending password reset emails, notifying users of new
file shares, changes in files, and activity notifications. Your users configure
which notifications they want to receive on their Personal pages.</p>
<p>Nextcloud does not contain a full email server, but rather connects to your
existing mail server. You must have a functioning mail server for Nextcloud to be
able to send emails. You may have a mail server on the same machine as Nextcloud,
or it may be a remote server.</p>
<p>To access the setup page below log in with an admin account. Click on your avatar
in the top right, and then click Settings. On the left side under Administration and
click Basic settings.</p>
<figure class="align-default">
<img alt="../_images/smtp-config-wizard.png" src="../_images/smtp-config-wizard.png" />
</figure>
<p>With the wizard, connecting Nextcloud to your mail server is fast and easy.
The wizard fills in the values in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">config/config.php</span></code>, so you may use either
or both as you prefer.</p>
<p>The Nextcloud Email wizard supports three types of mail server connections:
SMTP, qmail, and Sendmail. Use the SMTP configurator for a remote server or
Sendmail when your mail server is on the same machine as Nextcloud.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>The Sendmail option refers to the Sendmail SMTP server and any
drop-in Sendmail replacement such as Postfix, Exim, or Courier. All of
these include a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sendmail</span></code> binary, and are freely-interchangeable.</p>
</div>
<section id="mail-providers">
<span id="email-smtp-config"></span><h2>Mail Providers<a class="headerlink" href="#mail-providers" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 30.</span></p>
</div>
<p>A mail provider is an app that provides outbound mail service to Nextcloud and allows the sending of system emails
directly through a user’s configured personal email account instead of the system email account.
At present, this functionality is limited to calendar invitations.
This feature automatically matches a users email address to a configured mail provider account, when a system message is sent.
The only app that supports this functionality at present is Nextcloud Mail 4.1 or higher, a configured email account is required.</p>
</section>
<section id="configuring-an-smtp-server">
<h2>Configuring an SMTP server<a class="headerlink" href="#configuring-an-smtp-server" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>You need the following information from your mail server administrator to
connect Nextcloud to a remote SMTP server:</p>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
<p>There were changes to the 3rd party mailer library in Nextcloud 26:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>STARTTLS cannot be enforced. It will be used automatically if the mail server supports it. The encryption type should be set to ‘None/STARTTLS’ in this case. See <a class="reference internal" href="#tlspeerverification"><span class="std std-ref">here</span></a> for an example on how to configure self signed certificates.</p></li>
<li><p>NTLM authentication for Microsoft Exchange is not supported by the new mailer library. Try using <a class="reference external" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/exchange/client-developer/exchange-web-services/authentication-and-ews-in-exchange#basic-authentication">basic authentication</a> instead.</p></li>
<li><p>Outlook and Microsoft Exchange have discontinued support for Basic authentication. It is no longer possible to use their services as your default email handler.</p></li>
</ul>
</div>
<ul>
<li><p>Encryption type: None/STARTTLS or SSL</p></li>
<li><p>The From address you want your outgoing Nextcloud mails to use</p></li>
<li><p>Whether authentication is required</p></li>
<li><p>Authentication: when authentication is required, the underlying mailer will try the following authentication methods in the order they’re listed:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><ul class="simple">
<li><p>CramMd5</p></li>
<li><p>Login</p></li>
<li><p>Plain</p></li>
<li><p>XOAuth2</p></li>
</ul>
</div></blockquote>
</li>
<li><p>The server’s IP address or fully-qualified domain name and the SMTP port</p></li>
<li><p>Login credentials (if required)</p></li>
</ul>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">overwrite.cli.url</span></code> parameter from <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">config.php</span></code> will be used for the SMTP EHLO.</p>
</div>
<p>Your changes are saved immediately, and you can click the Send Email button to
test your configuration. This sends a test message to the email address you
configured on your Personal page. The test message says:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">If</span> <span class="n">you</span> <span class="n">received</span> <span class="n">this</span> <span class="n">email</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">settings</span> <span class="n">seem</span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">be</span> <span class="n">correct</span><span class="o">.</span>

<span class="o">--</span>
<span class="n">Nextcloud</span>
<span class="n">a</span> <span class="n">safe</span> <span class="n">home</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="nb">all</span> <span class="n">your</span> <span class="n">data</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="configuring-sendmail-qmail">
<h2>Configuring Sendmail/qmail<a class="headerlink" href="#configuring-sendmail-qmail" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Configuring Sendmail or qmail requires only that you select one of them
instead of SMTP, and then enter your desired return email address.</p>
<p>In most cases the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTP</span></code> option is best, since you will be able to control all
of your mail server options in one place, in your mail server configuration then.</p>
</section>
<section id="using-email-templates">
<h2>Using email templates<a class="headerlink" href="#using-email-templates" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>We designed a mechanism that generates emails which follow the theming
settings and look the same in all the different email clients out there.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>If, for some reason, you need text-only emails, consider simply configuring
this on the client side or let the receiving (or even sending) mail server drop the
HTML part. Note that there is no security impact from <strong>sending</strong> HTML emails, just
from displaying them and thus any security risk can only be mitigated by disabling
showing HTML on the client (or removing the HTML part in the mail server).</p>
</div>
<section id="modifying-the-look-of-emails-beyond-the-theming-app-capabilities">
<h3>Modifying the look of emails beyond the theming app capabilities<a class="headerlink" href="#modifying-the-look-of-emails-beyond-the-theming-app-capabilities" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>You can overwrite templates by writing a class that implements the template interface
(or extends it to not need to copy over everything). Easiest way is to then put this class into
an app and load it so you do not need to patch it on every update.</p>
<p>This is the interface of the class that needs to be implemented: <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/nextcloud/server/blob/master/lib/public/Mail/IEMailTemplate.php">https://github.com/nextcloud/server/blob/master/lib/public/Mail/IEMailTemplate.php</a></p>
<p>That is the implementation that could be extended and used to see how it works: <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/nextcloud/server/blob/master/lib/private/Mail/EMailTemplate.php">https://github.com/nextcloud/server/blob/master/lib/private/Mail/EMailTemplate.php</a></p>
<p>An example from <a class="reference external" href="https://portal.nextcloud.com/article/customized-email-templates-29.html">a GitHub issue</a>:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li><p>Look at the source code of extended class <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/nextcloud/server/blob/master/lib/private/Mail/EMailTemplate.php">OC\Mail\EMailTemplate::class</a></p></li>
<li><p>Then override what you need in your own <cite>OC\Mail\EMailTemplate::class</cite> extension</p></li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<p>Let’s assume that we need to override the email header:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>&lt;?php

namespace \OCA\MyApp;

use OC\Mail\EMailTemplate;

class MyClass extends EMailTemplate
{
   protected string $header = &lt;&lt;&lt;EOF
      &lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;wrapper&quot;&gt;
            // your theme email header modification
      &lt;/table&gt;
   EOF;
}
</pre></div>
</div>
<ol class="arabic" start="3">
<li><p>Then in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">config/config.php</span></code> change <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mail_template_class</span></code> to your class namespace:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="s1">&#39;mail_template_class&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;OCA</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s1">MyApp</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s1">MyClass&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
<p>You will find a detailed step by step guide in our <a class="reference external" href="https://portal.nextcloud.com/article/customized-email-templates-29.html">support portal</a>.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="setting-mail-server-parameters-in-config-php">
<h2>Setting mail server parameters in config.php<a class="headerlink" href="#setting-mail-server-parameters-in-config-php" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>If you prefer, you may set your mail server parameters in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">config/config.php</span></code>.
The following examples are for SMTP, Sendmail, and Qmail.</p>
<section id="smtp">
<h3>SMTP<a class="headerlink" href="#smtp" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>If you want to send email using a local or remote SMTP server it is necessary
to enter the name or IP address of the server, optionally followed by a colon
separated port number, e.g. <strong>:425</strong>. If this value is not given the default
port 25/tcp will be used unless you change that by modifying the
<strong>mail_smtpport</strong> parameter.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="s2">&quot;mail_smtpmode&quot;</span>     <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">&quot;smtp&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;mail_smtphost&quot;</span>     <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">&quot;smtp.server.dom:425&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>or</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="s2">&quot;mail_smtpmode&quot;</span>     <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">&quot;smtp&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;mail_smtphost&quot;</span>     <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">&quot;smtp.server.dom&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;mail_smtpport&quot;</span>     <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="mi">425</span><span class="p">,</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If a malware or SPAM scanner is running on the SMTP server it might be
necessary that you increase the SMTP timeout to e.g. 30s:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="s2">&quot;mail_smtptimeout&quot;</span>  <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">,</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If the SMTP server accepts insecure connections, the default setting can be
used:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="s2">&quot;mail_smtpsecure&quot;</span>   <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The connection will be upgraded automatically via STARTTLS if the SMTP server
supports it.</p>
<p>If required by the SMTP server, a secure SSL/TLS connection can be enforced
via the SMTPS protocol which uses the port 465/tcp:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="s2">&quot;mail_smtphost&quot;</span>     <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">&quot;smtp.server.dom:465&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;mail_smtpsecure&quot;</span>   <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;ssl&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>And finally it is necessary to configure if the SMTP server requires
authentication, if not, the default values can be taken as is.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="s2">&quot;mail_smtpauth&quot;</span>     <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="n">false</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;mail_smtpname&quot;</span>     <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;mail_smtppassword&quot;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If SMTP authentication is required you have to set the required username
and password.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="s2">&quot;mail_smtpauth&quot;</span>     <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="n">true</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;mail_smtpname&quot;</span>     <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">&quot;username&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;mail_smtppassword&quot;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">&quot;password&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="sendmail">
<h3>Sendmail<a class="headerlink" href="#sendmail" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>If you want to use the well known Sendmail program to send email, it is
necessary to have an installed and working email system on your *nix server.
The sendmail binary (<strong>/usr/sbin/sendmail</strong>) is usually part of that system.
Nextcloud should be able to send email out of the box.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="s2">&quot;mail_smtpmode&quot;</span>     <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">&quot;sendmail&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;mail_smtphost&quot;</span>     <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">&quot;127.0.0.1&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;mail_smtpport&quot;</span>     <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;mail_smtptimeout&quot;</span>  <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;mail_smtpsecure&quot;</span>   <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;mail_smtpauth&quot;</span>     <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="n">false</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;mail_smtpauthtype&quot;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">&quot;LOGIN&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;mail_smtpname&quot;</span>     <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;mail_smtppassword&quot;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="qmail">
<h3>qmail<a class="headerlink" href="#qmail" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>If you want to use the qmail program to send email, it is necessary to have an
installed and working qmail email system on your server. The qmail binary
installed on your server will then be used to send email. Nextcloud should
be able to send email out of the box.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="s2">&quot;mail_smtpmode&quot;</span>     <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">&quot;qmail&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;mail_smtphost&quot;</span>     <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">&quot;127.0.0.1&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;mail_smtpport&quot;</span>     <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;mail_smtptimeout&quot;</span>  <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;mail_smtpsecure&quot;</span>   <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;mail_smtpauth&quot;</span>     <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="n">false</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;mail_smtpauthtype&quot;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">&quot;LOGIN&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;mail_smtpname&quot;</span>     <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;mail_smtppassword&quot;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="send-a-test-email">
<h2>Send a test email<a class="headerlink" href="#send-a-test-email" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>To test your email configuration, save your email address in your personal
settings and then use the <strong>Send email</strong> button in the <em>Email Server</em> section
of the Admin settings page.</p>
</section>
<section id="troubleshooting">
<h2>Troubleshooting<a class="headerlink" href="#troubleshooting" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<section id="enabling-debug-mode">
<h3>Enabling debug mode<a class="headerlink" href="#enabling-debug-mode" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>If you are unable to send email, it might be useful to activate further debug
messages by enabling the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mail_smtpdebug</span></code> parameter and temporarily setting your NC loglevel to DEBUG:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="s2">&quot;mail_smtpdebug&quot;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="n">true</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;loglevel&quot;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Be cautious setting your <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loglevel</span></code> to DEBUG (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>) since it’ll apply to everything occurring on your NC instance, not just email.
And don’t forget to set it back to a more reasonable level when you’re done troubleshooting:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="s2">&quot;mail_smtpdebug&quot;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="n">false</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;loglevel&quot;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>Immediately after pressing the <strong>Send email</strong> button, as described
before, several <strong>SMTP -&gt; get_lines(): …</strong> messages appear on the screen.
This is expected behavior and can be ignored.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="why-is-my-web-domain-different-from-my-mail-domain">
<h3>Why is my web domain different from my mail domain?<a class="headerlink" href="#why-is-my-web-domain-different-from-my-mail-domain" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>The default domain name used for the sender address is the hostname
where your Nextcloud installation is served. If you have a different mail domain
name you can override this behavior by setting the following configuration
parameter:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="s2">&quot;mail_domain&quot;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">&quot;example.com&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This setting results in every email sent by Nextcloud (for example, the password
reset email) having the domain part of the sender address appear as follows:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">no</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">reply</span><span class="nd">@example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="how-can-i-find-out-if-an-smtp-server-is-reachable">
<h3>How can I find out if an SMTP server is reachable?<a class="headerlink" href="#how-can-i-find-out-if-an-smtp-server-is-reachable" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>Use the ping command to check the server availability:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">ping</span> <span class="n">smtp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">server</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dom</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">PING</span> <span class="n">smtp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">server</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dom</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ip</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">address</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="mi">56</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">84</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nb">bytes</span> <span class="n">of</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="o">.</span>
<span class="mi">64</span> <span class="nb">bytes</span> <span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">your</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">server</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">local</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lan</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">192.168.1.10</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="n">icmp_req</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="n">ttl</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">64</span>
<span class="n">time</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">3.64</span><span class="n">ms</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="how-can-i-find-out-if-the-smtp-server-is-listening-on-a-specific-tcp-port">
<h3>How can I find out if the SMTP server is listening on a specific TCP port?<a class="headerlink" href="#how-can-i-find-out-if-the-smtp-server-is-listening-on-a-specific-tcp-port" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>The best way to get mail server information is to ask your mail
server admin. If you are the mail server admin, or need information in a
hurry, you can use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">netstat</span></code> command. This example shows all active
servers on your system, and the ports they are listening on. The SMTP server is
listening on localhost port 25.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># netstat -pant</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">Active</span> <span class="n">Internet</span> <span class="n">connections</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">servers</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">established</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">Proto</span> <span class="n">Recv</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">Q</span> <span class="n">Send</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">Q</span> <span class="n">Local</span> <span class="n">Address</span>   <span class="n">Foreign</span> <span class="n">Address</span>  <span class="n">State</span>  <span class="n">ID</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">Program</span> <span class="n">name</span>
<span class="n">tcp</span>    <span class="mi">0</span>      <span class="mi">0</span>    <span class="mf">0.0.0.0</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">631</span>     <span class="mf">0.0.0.0</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">*</span>        <span class="n">LISTEN</span>   <span class="mi">4418</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">cupsd</span>
<span class="n">tcp</span>    <span class="mi">0</span>      <span class="mi">0</span>    <span class="mf">127.0.0.1</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">25</span>    <span class="mf">0.0.0.0</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">*</span>        <span class="n">LISTEN</span>   <span class="mi">2245</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">exim4</span>
<span class="n">tcp</span>    <span class="mi">0</span>      <span class="mi">0</span>    <span class="mf">127.0.0.1</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">3306</span>  <span class="mf">0.0.0.0</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">*</span>        <span class="n">LISTEN</span>   <span class="mi">1524</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">mysqld</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>25/tcp is unencrypted smtp</p></li>
<li><p>110/tcp/udp is unencrypted pop3</p></li>
<li><p>143/tcp/udp is unencrypted imap4</p></li>
<li><p>465/tcp is encrypted submissions</p></li>
<li><p>587/tcp is opportunistically-encrypted submission</p></li>
<li><p>993/tcp/udp is encrypted imaps</p></li>
<li><p>995/tcp/udp is encrypted pop3s</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="how-can-i-determine-if-the-smtp-server-supports-the-smtps-protocol">
<h3>How can I determine if the SMTP server supports the SMTPS protocol?<a class="headerlink" href="#how-can-i-determine-if-the-smtp-server-supports-the-smtps-protocol" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>A good indication that the SMTP server supports the SMTPS protocol
is that it is listening on the <cite>submissions</cite> port <strong>465</strong>.</p>
</section>
<section id="how-can-i-determine-what-authorization-and-encryption-protocols-the-mail-server-supports">
<h3>How can I determine what authorization and encryption protocols the mail server supports?<a class="headerlink" href="#how-can-i-determine-what-authorization-and-encryption-protocols-the-mail-server-supports" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>SMTP servers usually announce the availability of STARTTLS
immediately after a connection has been established. You can easily check this
using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">telnet</span></code> command.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>You must enter the marked lines to obtain the information displayed.</p>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">telnet</span> <span class="n">smtp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">domain</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dom</span> <span class="mi">25</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">Trying</span> <span class="mf">192.168.1.10</span><span class="o">...</span>
<span class="n">Connected</span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">smtp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">domain</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dom</span><span class="o">.</span>
<span class="n">Escape</span> <span class="n">character</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="s1">&#39;^]&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span>
<span class="mi">220</span> <span class="n">smtp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">domain</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dom</span> <span class="n">ESMTP</span> <span class="n">Exim</span> <span class="mf">4.80.1</span> <span class="n">Tue</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">22</span> <span class="n">Jan</span> <span class="mi">2013</span> <span class="mi">22</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">39</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">55</span> <span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">0100</span>
<span class="n">EHLO</span> <span class="n">your</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">server</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">local</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lan</span>                   <span class="c1"># &lt;&lt;&lt; enter this command</span>
<span class="mi">250</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">smtp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">domain</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dom</span> <span class="n">Hello</span> <span class="n">your</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">server</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">local</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lan</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ip</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">address</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="mi">250</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">SIZE</span> <span class="mi">52428800</span>
<span class="mi">250</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="n">BITMIME</span>
<span class="mi">250</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">PIPELINING</span>
<span class="mi">250</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">AUTH</span> <span class="n">PLAIN</span> <span class="n">LOGIN</span> <span class="n">CRAM</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">MD5</span>                 <span class="c1"># &lt;&lt;&lt; Supported auth protocols</span>
<span class="mi">250</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">STARTTLS</span>                                  <span class="c1"># &lt;&lt;&lt; Encryption is supported</span>
<span class="mi">250</span> <span class="n">HELP</span>
<span class="n">QUIT</span>                                          <span class="c1"># &lt;&lt;&lt; enter this command</span>
<span class="mi">221</span> <span class="n">smtp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">domain</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dom</span> <span class="n">closing</span> <span class="n">connection</span>
<span class="n">Connection</span> <span class="n">closed</span> <span class="n">by</span> <span class="n">foreign</span> <span class="n">host</span><span class="o">.</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="how-can-i-send-mail-using-self-signed-certificates-or-use-starttls-with-self-signed-certificates">
<span id="tlspeerverification"></span><h3>How can I send mail using self-signed certificates or use STARTTLS with self signed certificates?<a class="headerlink" href="#how-can-i-send-mail-using-self-signed-certificates-or-use-starttls-with-self-signed-certificates" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>To disable peer verification or to use self signed certificates, add the following
to your <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">config/config.php</span></code>:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="s2">&quot;mail_smtpstreamoptions&quot;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="n">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;ssl&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="n">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;allow_self_signed&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="n">true</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;verify_peer&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="n">false</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;verify_peer_name&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="n">false</span>
    <span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">),</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="all-emails-keep-getting-rejected-even-though-only-one-email-address-is-invalid">
<h3>All emails keep getting rejected even though only one email address is invalid.<a class="headerlink" href="#all-emails-keep-getting-rejected-even-though-only-one-email-address-is-invalid" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>Partial sending, i. e. sending to all but the faulty email address is not possible.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>Immediately after pressing the <strong>Send email</strong> button, as described
before, several <strong>SMTP -&gt; get_lines(): …</strong> messages appear on the screen.
This is expected behavior and can be ignored.</p>
</div>
</section>
</section>
</section>

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